Term describing movement of joints
1. Active and passive movement
a. Active : as a result of the individual’s own muscular activity
b. Passive : as a result of an external force
2. Abduction and adduction
a. Abduction : The movement of a part away from the midline of the body
b. Adduction : The movement of a part toward the midline of the body
3. Flexion and Extension
The movements occur at :
a. Elbow
b. Metacarpophalangeal
c. Interphalangeal (finger)
d. Knee
e. Interphalangeal (toe)
4. Dorsiflexion and plantar/palmar flexion
a. Dorsiflexion is the movement of the foot or toes in the direction of the dorsal surface as well as movement of the hand in the direction of the dorsal surface.
b. Plantarflexion is the movement of the foot or toes in the direction of the plantar surface
c. Palmarflexion is the movement of the hand or fingers in the direction of the palmar surface
5. Eversion and Inversion (at subtalar and midtalar joint of the foot)
a. Eversion is the turning of the plantar surface of the foot outward in relation to the leg
b. Inversion is the turning of the plantar surface of the foot inward in relation to the leg
6. Internal Rotation and external rotation (shoulder, hip, slight degree of knee)
a. Internal rotation is the turning of the anterior surface of the limb inward or medially
b. External rotation is the turning of the anterior surface of the limb outward or laterally
7. Pronation and supination (forearm through elbow and wrist and forefoot through midtarsal joint)
a. Pronation of forearm is the turning of the palmar surface of the hand downward
b. Supination of the forearm is the turning of the palmar surface of the and upward
c. Pronation of the foot usually refers to a deformity in which the forefoot is maintained in a position of eversion
d. Supination of the foot usually refers to a deformity in which the forefoot is maintained in a position of inversion
(from Salter RB, Textbook of Disorders and Injuries of the Musculoskeletal System)
petergiarso
The Beauty of Bones 
Leave a comment